lunes

Medicine, CHALLENGE 8

placebo: a usually pharmacologically inert preparation prescribed more for the mental relief of the patient than for its actual effect on a disorder

relief: a payment made by a male feudal tenant to his lord on succeeding to an inherited estate

distress: seizure and detention of the goods of another as pledge or to obtain satisfaction of a claim by the sale of the goods seized

drop: the quantity of fluid that falls in one spherical mass

Volcanology, CHALLENGE 7

shrouded: to cut off from view

ash: any of a genus (Fraxinus) of trees of the olive family with pinnate leaves, thin furrowed bark, and gray branchlets

roughly: in a rough manner

isolated: occurring alone or once

heartwarming: inspiring sympathetic feeling

Middle East, CHALLENGE 6

encircled: to form a circle around

razor: a keen-edged cutting instrument for shaving or cutting hair

farmers: a person who pays a fixed sum for some privilege or source of income

roughly: in a rough manner, with harshness or violence

bullets: a round or elongated missile (as of lead) to be fired from a firearm

Green Sahara, CHALLENGE 5

livable: suitable for living in, on, or with

axis: a straight line about which a body or a geometric figure rotates or may be supposed to rotate

surroundings: the circumstances, conditions, or objects by which one is surrounded

soil: to stain or defile morally

sipping: to drink in small quantities

Animals thinking, CHALLENGE 4

ape: one of the larger tailless or short-tailed Old World forms

odorless: a quality of something that stimulates the olfactory organ

issue: the action of going, coming, or flowing out

conceited: having or showing an excessively high opinion of oneself

surreptitiously: done, made, or acquired by stealth

Democracy, CHALLENGE 3

threshold: the plank, stone, or piece of timber that lies under a door

fuel: a material used to produce heat or power by burning

citizens: an inhabitant of a city or town

lack: to be deficient or missing

lengths: the longer or longest dimension of an object

Environment: affected?, CHALLENGE 2

wolves: any of several large predatory canids

elk: soft tanned rugged leather

suddenly: happening or coming unexpectedly

beavers: either of two large semiaquatic herbivorous rodents comprising a family

aspens: any of several poplars